<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">
  <title>Relationships that create confidence : understanding postsecondary academic choices of Mexican heritage high school graduates in light of influential relationships, self-efficacy, and mathematical experiences</title>
  <meta id="meta-title" property="citation_title" content="Relationships that create confidence : understanding postsecondary academic choices of Mexican heritage high school graduates in light of influential relationships, self-efficacy, and mathematical experiences"/>
  <meta id="og-title" property="og:title" content="Relationships that create confidence : understanding postsecondary academic choices of Mexican heritage high school graduates in light of influential relationships, self-efficacy, and mathematical experiences"/>
  <meta name="twitter:widgets:autoload" content="off"/>
  <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on"/>
  <meta name="twitter:widgets:csp" content="on"/>
  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="lQbRRf0vgPqMbnbCsgELjAjIIyJjiIWo917M7hBshvI"/>
  <meta id="meta-abstract" name="citation_abstract" content="This study examines Mexican heritage high school graduates&#x27; postsecondary academic choices through a Social Capital and Self-Efficacy lens. Mathematical experiences and the relationships within which these experiences took place are considered. A cross-sectional recruiting design was used to find out if measures of academic self-efficacy that were recalled by participants changed as time since graduation increased. Three graduates were selected from each of the classes of 1998, 2003, 2006, and 2007 (n=12) from a large suburban high school in southern California. The participants represented three postsecondary academic paths: university, community college, and experimentation. The experimentation group is defined by a lack of long- term goals for their education or employment at the time of graduation from high school. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed for relationships, self-efficacy and mathematical experiences. Specifically, participants answered questions about influential people in their lives during high school and about their experiences with mathematics before and after high school. An analysis of participants&#x27; course- taking and outcomes was derived from high school academic records. The findings of this study indicate that the development of social capital through influential relationships with institutional agents varies categorically. Peers and teachers were the most significant categories of people in the lives of informants during high school. Academic self-efficacy, as defined by mathematics student identity and mathematics course expectations, was enhanced by the presence of higher levels of social capital. Graduates with high levels of self-efficacy for mathematics expected that mathematics courses would be easier for them. Loci of control orientations for the informants were closely aligned with postsecondary outcomes. Graduates who went to 4-year universities had internal LOC while community college and experimentation graduates had external LOC."/>
  <meta id="meta-description" name="description" content="Author(s): Cohen, Daniel Allen | Abstract: This study examines Mexican heritage high school graduates&#x27; postsecondary academic choices through a Social Capital and Self-Efficacy lens. Mathematical experiences and the relationships within which these experiences took place are considered. A cross-sectional recruiting design was used to find out if measures of academic self-efficacy that were recalled by participants changed as time since graduation increased. Three graduates were selected from each of the classes of 1998, 2003, 2006, and 2007 (n=12) from a large suburban high school in southern California. The participants represented three postsecondary academic paths: university, community college, and experimentation. The experimentation group is defined by a lack of long- term goals for their education or employment at the time of graduation from high school. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed for relationships, self-efficacy and mathematical experiences. Specifically, participants answered questions about influential people in their lives during high school and about their experiences with mathematics before and after high school. An analysis of participants&#x27; course- taking and outcomes was derived from high school academic records. The findings of this study indicate that the development of social capital through influential relationships with institutional agents varies categorically. Peers and teachers were the most significant categories of people in the lives of informants during high school. Academic self-efficacy, as defined by mathematics student identity and mathematics course expectations, was enhanced by the presence of higher levels of social capital. Graduates with high levels of self-efficacy for mathematics expected that mathematics courses would be easier for them. Loci of control orientations for the informants were closely aligned with postsecondary outcomes. Graduates who went to 4-year universities had internal LOC while community college and experimentation graduates had external LOC."/>
  <meta id="og-description" name="og:description" content="Author(s): Cohen, Daniel Allen | Abstract: This study examines Mexican heritage high school graduates&#x27; postsecondary academic choices through a Social Capital and Self-Efficacy lens. Mathematical experiences and the relationships within which these experiences took place are considered. A cross-sectional recruiting design was used to find out if measures of academic self-efficacy that were recalled by participants changed as time since graduation increased. Three graduates were selected from each of the classes of 1998, 2003, 2006, and 2007 (n=12) from a large suburban high school in southern California. The participants represented three postsecondary academic paths: university, community college, and experimentation. The experimentation group is defined by a lack of long- term goals for their education or employment at the time of graduation from high school. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed for relationships, self-efficacy and mathematical experiences. Specifically, participants answered questions about influential people in their lives during high school and about their experiences with mathematics before and after high school. An analysis of participants&#x27; course- taking and outcomes was derived from high school academic records. The findings of this study indicate that the development of social capital through influential relationships with institutional agents varies categorically. Peers and teachers were the most significant categories of people in the lives of informants during high school. Academic self-efficacy, as defined by mathematics student identity and mathematics course expectations, was enhanced by the presence of higher levels of social capital. Graduates with high levels of self-efficacy for mathematics expected that mathematics courses would be easier for them. Loci of control orientations for the informants were closely aligned with postsecondary outcomes. Graduates who went to 4-year universities had internal LOC while community college and experimentation graduates had external LOC."/>
  <meta id="og-image" property="og:image" content="https://escholarship.org/images/escholarship-facebook2.jpg"/>
  <meta id="og-image-width" property="og:image:width" content="1242"/>
  <meta id="og-image-height" property="og:image:height" content="1242"/>
  <meta id="meta-author0" name="citation_author" content="Cohen, Daniel Allen"/>
  <meta id="meta-publication_date" name="citation_publication_date" content="2009"/>
  <meta id="meta-dissertation_institution" name="citation_dissertation_institution" content="UC San Diego"/>
  <meta id="meta-online_date" name="citation_online_date" content="2011-08-19"/>
  <meta id="meta-pdf_url" name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://escholarship.org/content/qt11m6q53q/qt11m6q53q.pdf?t=lq6re4"/>
  <link rel="canonical" href=""/>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main-3e27670f5a7037f9.css">
  <link rel="resource" type="application/l10n" href="/node_modules/pdfjs-embed2/dist/locale/locale.properties">
  <noscript><style> .jsonly { display: none } </style></noscript>
</head>
<body>
  
<div id="main"><div data-reactroot=""><div class="body"><a href="#maincontent" class="c-skipnav">Skip to main content</a><div><div><header id="#top" class="c-header"><a class="c-header__logo2" href="/"><picture><source srcSet="/images/logo_eschol-small.svg" media="(min-width: 870px)"/><img src="/images/logo_eschol-mobile.svg" alt="eScholarship"/></picture><div class="c-header__logo2-tagline">Open Access Publications from the University of California</div></a><div class="c-header__search"><form class="c-search2"><div class="c-search2__inputs"><div class="c-search2__form"><label class="c-search2__label" for="global-search">Search eScholarship</label><input type="search" name="q" id="global-search" class="c-search2__field" placeholder="Search" autoComplete="off" autoCapitalize="off"/></div><fieldset><legend>Refine Search</legend><div class="c-search2__refine"><input type="radio" id="c-search2__refine-eschol" name="searchType" value="eScholarship" checked=""/><label for="c-search2__refine-eschol">All of eScholarship</label><input type="radio" id="c-search2__refine-campus" name="searchType" value="ucsd_etd"/><label for="c-search2__refine-campus">This <!-- -->Series</label><input type="hidden" name="searchUnitType" value="series"/></div></fieldset></div><button type="submit" class="c-search2__submit-button" aria-label="search"></button><button type="button" class="c-search2__search-close-button" aria-label="close search field"></button></form></div><button class="c-header__search-open-button" aria-label="open search field"></button></header></div><div class="
      c-subheader
      has-banner
      is-wide
      has-campus-label
      is-black
    "><a class="c-subheader__title" href="/uc/ucsd"><h1>UC San Diego</h1></a><a class="c-subheader__banner" href="/uc/ucsd"><img src="/assets/9205fa4b1e49f9317f4831df16b17e8446589c5ce7ab71cb88c9c678bde63968" alt="UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations banner"/></a><a class="c-subheader__campus" href="/uc/ucsd">UC San Diego</a><div id="wizardModalBase" class="c-subheader__buttons"><button id="wizardlyDeposit" class="o-button__3">Deposit</button><div class="c-modal"></div><button id="wizardlyManage" class="o-button__3">Manage<span class="c-subheader__button-fragment">Submissions</span></button><div class="c-modal"></div></div></div><div class="c-navbar"><nav class="c-nav"><details open="" class="c-nav__main"><summary class="c-nav__main-button">Menu</summary><ul class="c-nav__main-items"><li><a href="/uc/ucsd/about">About eScholarship</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucsd/ucoapolicies">UC Open Access Policies</a></li><li><a href="/ucsd/journals">Journals</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucsd_etd">Dissertations</a></li><li><a href="/ucsd/units">Academic Units</a></li></ul></details></nav><div class="c-socialicons"><a href="/rss/unit/ucsd_etd"><img src="/images/logo_rss-circle-black.svg" alt="RSS"/></a></div></div><nav class="c-breadcrumb"><ul><li><a href="/">eScholarship</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucsd">UC San Diego</a></li><li><a class="c-breadcrumb-link--active" href="/uc/ucsd_etd">UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations</a></li></ul></nav><div class="c-columns--sticky-sidebar"><main id="maincontent" tabindex="-1"><div><div class="c-itemactions"><div class="o-download"><a href="/content/qt11m6q53q/qt11m6q53q.pdf?t=lq6re4" class="o-download__button" download="eScholarship UC item 11m6q53q.pdf">Download <!-- -->PDF</a><details class="o-download__formats"><summary aria-label="formats"></summary><div><ul class="o-download__nested-menu"><li class="o-download__nested-list1">Main<ul><li><a href="/content/qt11m6q53q/qt11m6q53q.pdf?t=lq6re4" download="eScholarship UC item 11m6q53q.pdf">PDF</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></details></div><details class="c-share"><summary><span>Share</span></summary><div><div class="c-share__list"><a class="c-share__email" href="">Email</a><a class="c-share__facebook" href="">Facebook</a><a class="c-share__twitter" href="">Twitter</a></div></div></details></div></div><h2 class="c-tabcontent__main-heading" tabindex="-1"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Relationships that create confidence : understanding postsecondary academic choices of Mexican heritage high school graduates in light of influential relationships, self-efficacy, and mathematical experiences</div></h2><div class="c-authorlist"><time class="c-authorlist__year">2009</time><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><span class="c-authorlist__heading">Author(s):</span> Cohen, Daniel Allen</li><li><a href="" class="c-authorlist__list-more-link">et al.</a></li></ul></div><div class="c-tabs"><div class="c-tabs__tabs"><button class="c-tabs__button-more" aria-label="Show all tabs">...</button><button class="c-tabs__button--active">Main Content</button><button class="c-tabs__button">Metrics</button><button class="c-tabs__button">Author &amp; <!-- -->Article<!-- --> Info</button></div><div class="c-tabs__content"><div class="c-tabcontent"><a name="article_abstract"></a><details class="c-togglecontent" open=""><summary>Abstract</summary><div class="c-clientmarkup"><p>This study examines Mexican heritage high school graduates' postsecondary academic choices through a Social Capital and Self-Efficacy lens. Mathematical experiences and the relationships within which these experiences took place are considered. A cross-sectional recruiting design was used to find out if measures of academic self-efficacy that were recalled by participants changed as time since graduation increased. Three graduates were selected from each of the classes of 1998, 2003, 2006, and 2007 (n=12) from a large suburban high school in southern California. The participants represented three postsecondary academic paths: university, community college, and experimentation. The experimentation group is defined by a lack of long- term goals for their education or employment at the time of graduation from high school. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed for relationships, self-efficacy and mathematical experiences. Specifically, participants answered questions about influential people in their lives during high school and about their experiences with mathematics before and after high school. An analysis of participants' course- taking and outcomes was derived from high school academic records. The findings of this study indicate that the development of social capital through influential relationships with institutional agents varies categorically. Peers and teachers were the most significant categories of people in the lives of informants during high school. Academic self-efficacy, as defined by mathematics student identity and mathematics course expectations, was enhanced by the presence of higher levels of social capital. Graduates with high levels of self-efficacy for mathematics expected that mathematics courses would be easier for them. Loci of control orientations for the informants were closely aligned with postsecondary outcomes. Graduates who went to 4-year universities had internal LOC while community college and experimentation graduates had external LOC.</p></div></details><details class="c-togglecontent" open=""><a name="article_main"></a><summary>Main Content</summary><div class="c-pdfview"><button class="c-pdfview__button-download">Download PDF to View</button><button class="c-pdfview__button-view">View Larger</button></div><div class="c-pdfview__viewer"><div id="pdfjs-cdl-wrapper">
 <div id="pdfjs-viewer" className="jsonly">
  <noscript>
    <embed src=/content/qt11m6q53q/qt11m6q53q_noSplash_2ffe9f6002975e6506cf137e9cc9bac7.pdf?t=lq6re4 type='application/pdf' />
  </noscript>
    <div id="outerContainer">

      <div id="sidebarContainer">
        <div id="toolbarSidebar">
          <div class="splitToolbarButton toggled">
            <button id="viewThumbnail" class="toolbarButton toggled" title="Show Thumbnails" tabindex="2" data-l10n-id="thumbs">
               <span data-l10n-id="thumbs_label">Thumbnails</span>
            </button>
            <button id="viewOutline" class="toolbarButton" title="Show Document Outline (double-click to expand/collapse all items)" tabindex="3" data-l10n-id="document_outline">
               <span data-l10n-id="document_outline_label">Document Outline</span>
            </button>
            <button id="viewAttachments" class="toolbarButton" title="Show Attachments" tabindex="4" data-l10n-id="attachments">
               <span data-l10n-id="attachments_label">Attachments</span>
            </button>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div id="sidebarContent">
          <div id="thumbnailView">
          </div>
          <div id="outlineView" class="hidden">
          </div>
          <div id="attachmentsView" class="hidden">
          </div>
        </div>
        <div id="sidebarResizer" class="hidden"></div>
      </div>  <!-- sidebarContainer -->

      <div id="mainContainer">
        <div class="findbar hidden doorHanger" id="findbar">
          <div id="findbarInputContainer">
            <input id="findInput" class="toolbarField" title="Find" placeholder="Find in document…" tabindex="91" data-l10n-id="find_input">
            <div class="splitToolbarButton">
              <button id="findPrevious" class="toolbarButton findPrevious" title="Find the previous occurrence of the phrase" tabindex="92" data-l10n-id="find_previous">
                <span data-l10n-id="find_previous_label">Previous</span>
              </button>
              <div class="splitToolbarButtonSeparator"></div>
              <button id="findNext" class="toolbarButton findNext" title="Find the next occurrence of the phrase" tabindex="93" data-l10n-id="find_next">
                <span data-l10n-id="find_next_label">Next</span>
              </button>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div id="findbarOptionsOneContainer">
            <input type="checkbox" id="findHighlightAll" class="toolbarField" tabindex="94">
            <label for="findHighlightAll" class="toolbarLabel" data-l10n-id="find_highlight">Highlight all</label>
            <input type="checkbox" id="findMatchCase" class="toolbarField" tabindex="95">
            <label for="findMatchCase" class="toolbarLabel" data-l10n-id="find_match_case_label">Match case</label>
          </div>
          <div id="findbarOptionsTwoContainer">
            <input type="checkbox" id="findEntireWord" class="toolbarField" tabindex="96">
            <label for="findEntireWord" class="toolbarLabel" data-l10n-id="find_entire_word_label">Whole words</label>
            <span id="findResultsCount" class="toolbarLabel hidden"></span>
          </div>

          <div id="findbarMessageContainer">
            <span id="findMsg" class="toolbarLabel"></span>
          </div>
        </div>  <!-- findbar -->

        <div id="secondaryToolbar" class="secondaryToolbar hidden doorHangerRight">
          <div id="secondaryToolbarButtonContainer">
            <button id="secondaryPresentationMode" class="secondaryToolbarButton presentationMode visibleLargeView" title="Switch to Presentation Mode" tabindex="51" data-l10n-id="presentation_mode">
              <span data-l10n-id="presentation_mode_label">Presentation Mode</span>
            </button>

            <button id="secondaryOpenFile" class="secondaryToolbarButton openFile visibleLargeView" title="Open File" tabindex="52" data-l10n-id="open_file">
              <span data-l10n-id="open_file_label">Open</span>
            </button>

            <button id="secondaryPrint" class="secondaryToolbarButton print visibleMediumView" title="Print" tabindex="53" data-l10n-id="print">
              <span data-l10n-id="print_label">Print</span>
            </button>

            <button id="secondaryDownload" class="secondaryToolbarButton download visibleMediumView" title="Download" tabindex="54" data-l10n-id="download">
              <span data-l10n-id="download_label">Download</span>
            </button>

            <a href="#" id="secondaryViewBookmark" class="secondaryToolbarButton bookmark visibleSmallView" title="Current view (copy or open in new window)" tabindex="55" data-l10n-id="bookmark">
              <span data-l10n-id="bookmark_label">Current View</span>
            </a>

            <div class="horizontalToolbarSeparator visibleLargeView"></div>

            <button id="firstPage" class="secondaryToolbarButton firstPage" title="Go to First Page" tabindex="56" data-l10n-id="first_page">
              <span data-l10n-id="first_page_label">Go to First Page</span>
            </button>
            <button id="lastPage" class="secondaryToolbarButton lastPage" title="Go to Last Page" tabindex="57" data-l10n-id="last_page">
              <span data-l10n-id="last_page_label">Go to Last Page</span>
            </button>

            <div class="horizontalToolbarSeparator"></div>

            <button id="pageRotateCw" class="secondaryToolbarButton rotateCw" title="Rotate Clockwise" tabindex="58" data-l10n-id="page_rotate_cw">
              <span data-l10n-id="page_rotate_cw_label">Rotate Clockwise</span>
            </button>
            <button id="pageRotateCcw" class="secondaryToolbarButton rotateCcw" title="Rotate Counterclockwise" tabindex="59" data-l10n-id="page_rotate_ccw">
              <span data-l10n-id="page_rotate_ccw_label">Rotate Counterclockwise</span>
            </button>

            <div class="horizontalToolbarSeparator"></div>

            <button id="cursorSelectTool" class="secondaryToolbarButton selectTool toggled" title="Enable Text Selection Tool" tabindex="60" data-l10n-id="cursor_text_select_tool">
              <span data-l10n-id="cursor_text_select_tool_label">Text Selection Tool</span>
            </button>
            <button id="cursorHandTool" class="secondaryToolbarButton handTool" title="Enable Hand Tool" tabindex="61" data-l10n-id="cursor_hand_tool">
              <span data-l10n-id="cursor_hand_tool_label">Hand Tool</span>
            </button>

            <div class="horizontalToolbarSeparator"></div>

            <button id="scrollVertical" class="secondaryToolbarButton scrollModeButtons scrollVertical toggled" title="Use Vertical Scrolling" tabindex="62" data-l10n-id="scroll_vertical">
              <span data-l10n-id="scroll_vertical_label">Vertical Scrolling</span>
            </button>
            <button id="scrollHorizontal" class="secondaryToolbarButton scrollModeButtons scrollHorizontal" title="Use Horizontal Scrolling" tabindex="63" data-l10n-id="scroll_horizontal">
              <span data-l10n-id="scroll_horizontal_label">Horizontal Scrolling</span>
            </button>
            <button id="scrollWrapped" class="secondaryToolbarButton scrollModeButtons scrollWrapped" title="Use Wrapped Scrolling" tabindex="64" data-l10n-id="scroll_wrapped">
              <span data-l10n-id="scroll_wrapped_label">Wrapped Scrolling</span>
            </button>

            <div class="horizontalToolbarSeparator scrollModeButtons"></div>

            <button id="spreadNone" class="secondaryToolbarButton spreadModeButtons spreadNone toggled" title="Do not join page spreads" tabindex="65" data-l10n-id="spread_none">
              <span data-l10n-id="spread_none_label">No Spreads</span>
            </button>
            <button id="spreadOdd" class="secondaryToolbarButton spreadModeButtons spreadOdd" title="Join page spreads starting with odd-numbered pages" tabindex="66" data-l10n-id="spread_odd">
              <span data-l10n-id="spread_odd_label">Odd Spreads</span>
            </button>
            <button id="spreadEven" class="secondaryToolbarButton spreadModeButtons spreadEven" title="Join page spreads starting with even-numbered pages" tabindex="67" data-l10n-id="spread_even">
              <span data-l10n-id="spread_even_label">Even Spreads</span>
            </button>

            <div class="horizontalToolbarSeparator spreadModeButtons"></div>

            <button id="documentProperties" class="secondaryToolbarButton documentProperties" title="Document Properties…" tabindex="68" data-l10n-id="document_properties">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_label">Document Properties…</span>
            </button>
          </div>
        </div>  <!-- secondaryToolbar -->

        <div class="toolbar">
          <div id="toolbarContainer">
            <div id="toolbarViewer">
              <div id="toolbarViewerLeft">
                <button id="sidebarToggle" class="toolbarButton" title="Toggle Sidebar" tabindex="11" data-l10n-id="toggle_sidebar">
                  <span data-l10n-id="toggle_sidebar_label">Toggle Sidebar</span>
                </button>
                <div class="toolbarButtonSpacer"></div>
                <button id="viewFind" class="toolbarButton" title="Find in Document" tabindex="12" data-l10n-id="findbar">
                  <span data-l10n-id="findbar_label">Find</span>
                </button>
                <div class="splitToolbarButton hiddenSmallView">
                  <button class="toolbarButton pageUp" title="Previous Page" id="previous" tabindex="13" data-l10n-id="previous">
                    <span data-l10n-id="previous_label">Previous</span>
                  </button>
                  <div class="splitToolbarButtonSeparator"></div>
                  <button class="toolbarButton pageDown" title="Next Page" id="next" tabindex="14" data-l10n-id="next">
                    <span data-l10n-id="next_label">Next</span>
                  </button>
                </div>
                <input type="number" id="pageNumber" class="toolbarField pageNumber" title="Page" value="1" size="4" min="1" tabindex="15" data-l10n-id="page">
                <span id="numPages" class="toolbarLabel"></span>
              </div>
              <div id="toolbarViewerRight">
                <button id="presentationMode" class="toolbarButton presentationMode hiddenLargeView" title="Switch to Presentation Mode" tabindex="31" data-l10n-id="presentation_mode">
                  <span data-l10n-id="presentation_mode_label">Presentation Mode</span>
                </button>

                <button id="openFile" class="toolbarButton openFile hiddenLargeView" title="Open File" tabindex="32" data-l10n-id="open_file">
                  <span data-l10n-id="open_file_label">Open</span>
                </button>

                <button id="print" class="toolbarButton print hiddenMediumView" title="Print" tabindex="33" data-l10n-id="print">
                  <span data-l10n-id="print_label">Print</span>
                </button>

                <button id="download" class="toolbarButton download hiddenMediumView" title="Download" tabindex="34" data-l10n-id="download">
                  <span data-l10n-id="download_label">Download</span>
                </button>
                <a href="#" id="viewBookmark" class="toolbarButton bookmark hiddenSmallView" title="Current view (copy or open in new window)" tabindex="35" data-l10n-id="bookmark">
                  <span data-l10n-id="bookmark_label">Current View</span>
                </a>

                <div class="verticalToolbarSeparator hiddenSmallView"></div>

                <button id="secondaryToolbarToggle" class="toolbarButton" title="Tools" tabindex="36" data-l10n-id="tools">
                  <span data-l10n-id="tools_label">Tools</span>
                </button>
              </div>
              <div id="toolbarViewerMiddle">
                <div class="splitToolbarButton">
                  <button id="zoomOut" class="toolbarButton zoomOut" title="Zoom Out" tabindex="21" data-l10n-id="zoom_out">
                    <span data-l10n-id="zoom_out_label">Zoom Out</span>
                  </button>
                  <div class="splitToolbarButtonSeparator"></div>
                  <button id="zoomIn" class="toolbarButton zoomIn" title="Zoom In" tabindex="22" data-l10n-id="zoom_in">
                    <span data-l10n-id="zoom_in_label">Zoom In</span>
                   </button>
                </div>
                <span id="scaleSelectContainer" class="dropdownToolbarButton">
                  <select id="scaleSelect" title="Zoom" tabindex="23" data-l10n-id="zoom">
                    <option id="pageAutoOption" title="" value="auto" selected="selected" data-l10n-id="page_scale_auto">Automatic Zoom</option>
                    <option id="pageActualOption" title="" value="page-actual" data-l10n-id="page_scale_actual">Actual Size</option>
                    <option id="pageFitOption" title="" value="page-fit" data-l10n-id="page_scale_fit">Page Fit</option>
                    <option id="pageWidthOption" title="" value="page-width" data-l10n-id="page_scale_width">Page Width</option>
                    <option id="customScaleOption" title="" value="custom" disabled="disabled" hidden="true"></option>
                    <option title="" value="0.5" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 50 }'>50%</option>
                    <option title="" value="0.75" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 75 }'>75%</option>
                    <option title="" value="1" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 100 }'>100%</option>
                    <option title="" value="1.25" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 125 }'>125%</option>
                    <option title="" value="1.5" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 150 }'>150%</option>
                    <option title="" value="2" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 200 }'>200%</option>
                    <option title="" value="3" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 300 }'>300%</option>
                    <option title="" value="4" data-l10n-id="page_scale_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "scale": 400 }'>400%</option>
                  </select>
                </span>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div id="loadingBar">
              <div class="progress indeterminate" style="width:100%;">
                <div class="glimmer">
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <menu type="context" id="viewerContextMenu">
          <menuitem id="contextFirstPage" label="First Page"
                    data-l10n-id="first_page"></menuitem>
          <menuitem id="contextLastPage" label="Last Page"
                    data-l10n-id="last_page"></menuitem>
          <menuitem id="contextPageRotateCw" label="Rotate Clockwise"
                    data-l10n-id="page_rotate_cw"></menuitem>
          <menuitem id="contextPageRotateCcw" label="Rotate Counter-Clockwise"
                    data-l10n-id="page_rotate_ccw"></menuitem>
        </menu>

        <div id="viewerContainer" tabindex="0">
          <div id="viewer" class="pdfViewer"></div>
        </div>

        <div id="errorWrapper" hidden='true'>
          <div id="errorMessageLeft">
            <span id="errorMessage"></span>
            <button id="errorShowMore" data-l10n-id="error_more_info">
              More Information
            </button>
            <button id="errorShowLess" data-l10n-id="error_less_info" hidden='true'>
              Less Information
            </button>
          </div>
          <div id="errorMessageRight">
            <button id="errorClose" data-l10n-id="error_close">
              Close
            </button>
          </div>
          <div class="clearBoth"></div>
          <textarea id="errorMoreInfo" hidden='true' readonly="readonly"></textarea>
        </div>
      </div> <!-- mainContainer -->

      <div id="overlayContainer" class="hidden">
        <div id="passwordOverlay" class="container hidden">
          <div class="dialog">
            <div class="row">
              <p id="passwordText" data-l10n-id="password_label">Enter the password to open this PDF file:</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <input type="password" id="password" class="toolbarField">
            </div>
            <div class="buttonRow">
              <button id="passwordCancel" class="overlayButton"><span data-l10n-id="password_cancel">Cancel</span></button>
              <button id="passwordSubmit" class="overlayButton"><span data-l10n-id="password_ok">OK</span></button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div id="documentPropertiesOverlay" class="container hidden">
          <div class="dialog">
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_file_name">File name:</span> <p id="fileNameField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_file_size">File size:</span> <p id="fileSizeField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="separator"></div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_title">Title:</span> <p id="titleField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_author">Author:</span> <p id="authorField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_subject">Subject:</span> <p id="subjectField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_keywords">Keywords:</span> <p id="keywordsField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_creation_date">Creation Date:</span> <p id="creationDateField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_modification_date">Modification Date:</span> <p id="modificationDateField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_creator">Creator:</span> <p id="creatorField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="separator"></div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_producer">PDF Producer:</span> <p id="producerField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_version">PDF Version:</span> <p id="versionField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_page_count">Page Count:</span> <p id="pageCountField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_page_size">Page Size:</span> <p id="pageSizeField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="separator"></div>
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="document_properties_linearized">Fast Web View:</span> <p id="linearizedField">-</p>
            </div>
            <div class="buttonRow">
              <button id="documentPropertiesClose" class="overlayButton"><span data-l10n-id="document_properties_close">Close</span></button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
<!--#if !(FIREFOX || MOZCENTRAL)-->
        <div id="printServiceOverlay" class="container hidden">
          <div class="dialog">
            <div class="row">
              <span data-l10n-id="print_progress_message">Preparing document for printing…</span>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <progress value="0" max="100"></progress>
              <span data-l10n-id="print_progress_percent" data-l10n-args='{ "progress": 0 }' class="relative-progress">0%</span>
            </div>
            <div class="buttonRow">
              <button id="printCancel" class="overlayButton"><span data-l10n-id="print_progress_close">Cancel</span></button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
<!--#endif-->
<!--#if CHROME-->
<!--#include viewer-snippet-chrome-overlays.html-->
<!--#endif-->
      </div>  <!-- overlayContainer -->

    </div> <!-- outerContainer -->
    <div id="printContainer"></div>
 </div> <!-- pdfjs-viewer -->
    </div></div></details></div><p><br/></p></div></div></main><aside><section class="o-columnbox1"><header><h2>Jump To</h2></header><div class="c-jump"><a href="/uc/item/11m6q53q">Article</a><ul class="c-jump__tree" aria-labelledby="c-jump__label"><li><a href="/uc/item/11m6q53q">Abstract</a></li><li><a href="/uc/item/11m6q53q">Main Content</a></li></ul><ul class="c-jump__siblings"><li><a href="/uc/item/11m6q53q">Metrics</a></li><li><a href="/uc/item/11m6q53q">Author &amp; <!-- -->Article<!-- --> Info</a></li></ul></div></section><div><section class="o-columnbox1"><header><h2>Related Items</h2></header><ul class="c-relateditems"><li><h3><a class="o-textlink__secondary" href="/uc/item/1xt4w4b5"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Controllable Monophonic Music Generation via Latent Variable Disentanglement</div></a></h3><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li>Chen, Ke</li><li><span class="c-authorlist__list-ellipsis"> ...</span></li></ul></div></li><li><h3><a class="o-textlink__secondary" href="/uc/item/2bj2n4pm"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Benchmarking the Automated Analysis of In situ Plankton Imaging and Recognition</div></a></h3><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li>Le, Kevin Tran Vu</li><li><span class="c-authorlist__list-ellipsis"> ...</span></li></ul></div></li><li><h3><a class="o-textlink__secondary" href="/uc/item/3143r90t"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Ch'ik'xulub: A Non-Visible Crater. Intersections across geological, cultural and biographical memory.</div></a></h3><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li>Andrade, Ana Carolina</li><li><span class="c-authorlist__list-ellipsis"> ...</span></li></ul></div></li><li><h3><a class="o-textlink__secondary" href="/uc/item/75d9c8xm"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Sharing Space: An Experiential Comparison Between Physical and Virtual Theatre</div></a></h3><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li>Friel, Miranda Allison</li><li><span class="c-authorlist__list-ellipsis"> ...</span></li></ul></div></li><li><h3><a class="o-textlink__secondary" href="/uc/item/9q70n36h"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Sound Design as a Holistic Sonic Practice</div></a></h3><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li>Lynch, Andrew</li><li><span class="c-authorlist__list-ellipsis"> ...</span></li></ul></div></li></ul></section></div></aside></div></div><div><div class="c-toplink"><a href="javascript:window.scrollTo(0, 0)">Top</a></div><footer class="c-footer"><nav class="c-footer__nav"><ul><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/aboutEschol">About eScholarship</a></li><li><a href="/campuses">Campus Sites</a></li><li><a href="/ucoapolicies">UC Open Access Policy</a></li><li><a href="/publishing">eScholarship Publishing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cdlib.org/about/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/privacypolicy">Privacy Statement</a></li><li><a href="/policies">Site Policies</a></li><li><a href="/terms">Terms of Use</a></li><li><a href="/login"><strong>Admin Login</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://help.escholarship.org"><strong>Help</strong></a></li></ul></nav><div class="c-footer__logo"><a href="/"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/logo_footer-eschol.svg" alt="eScholarship, University of California"/></a></div><div class="c-footer__icons"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/eScholarship/"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/logo_facebook-circle-white.svg" alt="Facebook"/></a><a href="https://twitter.com/escholarship"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/logo_twitter-circle-white.svg" alt="Twitter"/></a></div><div class="c-footer__copyright">Powered by the<br/><a href="http://www.cdlib.org">California Digital Library</a><br/>Copyright © 2017<br/>The Regents of the University of California</div></footer></div></div></div></div>
  <script>window.jscholApp_initialPageData = {"added":"2011-08-19","advisors":null,"altmetrics_ok":true,"appearsIn":[{"id":"ucsd_etd","name":"UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations"}],"attrs":{"abstract":"This study examines Mexican heritage high school graduates' postsecondary academic choices through a Social Capital and Self-Efficacy lens. Mathematical experiences and the relationships within which these experiences took place are considered. A cross-sectional recruiting design was used to find out if measures of academic self-efficacy that were recalled by participants changed as time since graduation increased. Three graduates were selected from each of the classes of 1998, 2003, 2006, and 2007 (n=12) from a large suburban high school in southern California. The participants represented three postsecondary academic paths: university, community college, and experimentation. The experimentation group is defined by a lack of long- term goals for their education or employment at the time of graduation from high school. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed for relationships, self-efficacy and mathematical experiences. Specifically, participants answered questions about influential people in their lives during high school and about their experiences with mathematics before and after high school. An analysis of participants' course- taking and outcomes was derived from high school academic records. The findings of this study indicate that the development of social capital through influential relationships with institutional agents varies categorically. Peers and teachers were the most significant categories of people in the lives of informants during high school. Academic self-efficacy, as defined by mathematics student identity and mathematics course expectations, was enhanced by the presence of higher levels of social capital. Graduates with high levels of self-efficacy for mathematics expected that mathematics courses would be easier for them. Loci of control orientations for the informants were closely aligned with postsecondary outcomes. Graduates who went to 4-year universities had internal LOC while community college and experimentation graduates had external LOC.","subjects":["UCSD Teaching and learning. (Discipline) Dissertations, Academic"],"local_ids":[{"id":"Cohen_ucsd_0033D_10258","type":"proquest"},{"id":"b6285758","type":"other"},{"id":"ark:/20775/bb03423980","type":"merritt"}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":198,"asset_id":"67ebdf4f73cc51de441698d101d2032cce65c33c445fd9bb0025f760e88cc09a","timestamp":1313800348,"image_type":"png"},"content_length":511952,"is_peer_reviewed":true,"content_merritt_path":"producer/1-1.pdf"},"authors":[{"name":"Cohen, Daniel Allen","fname":"Daniel Allen","lname":"Cohen"}],"citation":{"id":"qt11m6q53q","type":"dissertation","title":"Relationships that create confidence : understanding postsecondary academic choices of Mexican heritage high school graduates in light of influential relationships, self-efficacy, and mathematical experiences","URL":"http://escholarship.org/uc/item/11m6q53q","issued":{"raw":["2009-1-1"]},"doi":null,"issn":null,"author":[{"literal":"Cohen, Daniel Allen","given":"Daniel Allen","family":"Cohen"}]},"content_html":false,"content_key":"2ffe9f6002975e6506cf137e9cc9bac7","content_type":"application/pdf","data_digest":"vV0QtC8tp2uyitGnn+3qcQ==","editors":null,"genre":"dissertation","id":"11m6q53q","index_digest":"mdv45Na1fyIYw8N0r2K4mg==","last_indexed":"2020-05-11 06:25:44 +0000","oa_policy":null,"ordering_in_sect":null,"pdf_url":"/content/qt11m6q53q/qt11m6q53q.pdf?t=lq6re4","preview_key":null,"published":"2009","rights":null,"sidebar":[{"id":1,"kind":"RecentArticles","attrs":{"items":[{"id":"qt1xt4w4b5","title":"Controllable Monophonic Music Generation via Latent Variable Disentanglement","authors":[{"name":"Chen, Ke","fname":"Ke","lname":"Chen"}],"genre":"dissertation","author_hide":null},{"id":"qt2bj2n4pm","title":"Benchmarking the Automated Analysis of In situ Plankton Imaging and Recognition","authors":[{"name":"Le, Kevin Tran Vu","fname":"Kevin","lname":"Le","mname":"Tran Vu"}],"genre":"dissertation","author_hide":null},{"id":"qt3143r90t","title":"Ch'ik'xulub: A Non-Visible Crater. Intersections across geological, cultural and biographical memory.","authors":[{"name":"Andrade, Ana Carolina","fname":"Ana","lname":"Andrade","mname":"Carolina"}],"genre":"dissertation","author_hide":null},{"id":"qt75d9c8xm","title":"Sharing Space: An Experiential Comparison Between Physical and Virtual Theatre","authors":[{"name":"Friel, Miranda Allison","fname":"Miranda","lname":"Friel","mname":"Allison"}],"genre":"dissertation","author_hide":null},{"id":"qt9q70n36h","title":"Sound Design as a Holistic Sonic Practice","authors":[{"name":"Lynch, Andrew","fname":"Andrew","lname":"Lynch"}],"genre":"dissertation","author_hide":null}],"title":"Related Items"}}],"source":"UCSD METS","status":"published","submitted":"2011-08-19","title":"Relationships that create confidence : understanding postsecondary academic choices of Mexican heritage high school graduates in light of influential relationships, self-efficacy, and mathematical experiences","unit":{"id":"ucsd_etd","name":"UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations","type":"series","status":"active"},"usage":[{"month":"2011-08","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2011-09","hits":2,"downloads":1},{"month":"2011-12","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2012-01","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2012-02","hits":5,"downloads":2},{"month":"2012-03","hits":2,"downloads":2},{"month":"2012-04","hits":2,"downloads":1},{"month":"2012-05","hits":3,"downloads":0},{"month":"2012-06","hits":2,"downloads":1},{"month":"2012-07","hits":2,"downloads":1},{"month":"2012-08","hits":5,"downloads":2},{"month":"2012-09","hits":3,"downloads":1},{"month":"2012-10","hits":2,"downloads":2},{"month":"2012-11","hits":6,"downloads":1},{"month":"2012-12","hits":6,"downloads":3},{"month":"2013-01","hits":6,"downloads":2},{"month":"2013-02","hits":5,"downloads":0},{"month":"2013-03","hits":4,"downloads":2},{"month":"2013-06","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2013-09","hits":3,"downloads":2},{"month":"2013-11","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2014-02","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2014-03","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2014-05","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2014-06","hits":2,"downloads":1},{"month":"2014-08","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2014-09","hits":3,"downloads":1},{"month":"2014-10","hits":4,"downloads":1},{"month":"2014-12","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-01","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-02","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-03","hits":3,"downloads":1},{"month":"2015-04","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-05","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2015-07","hits":4,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-09","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-10","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-11","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2015-12","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2016-03","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2016-05","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2016-08","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2016-09","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2016-10","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2016-11","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2017-02","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2017-03","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2017-09","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2017-11","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2018-01","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2018-02","hits":3,"downloads":0},{"month":"2018-03","hits":2,"downloads":1},{"month":"2018-05","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2018-06","hits":4,"downloads":1},{"month":"2018-10","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2018-11","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2019-01","hits":4,"downloads":1},{"month":"2019-04","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2019-06","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2019-07","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2019-09","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2019-10","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2019-11","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2019-12","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2020-01","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2020-06","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2020-07","hits":2,"downloads":1},{"month":"2020-09","hits":1,"downloads":0},{"month":"2020-11","hits":1,"downloads":1},{"month":"2020-12","hits":5,"downloads":0},{"month":"2021-01","hits":2,"downloads":0},{"month":"2021-03","hits":4,"downloads":0}],"unit_attrs":{"nav_bar":[{"id":1,"name":"Submission Guidelines","slug":"submitPaper","type":"page"}],"directSubmit":"enabled","directSubmitURL":"https://help.escholarship.org/support/solutions/articles/9000081191-who-can-i-contact-for-help-with-theses-dissertations-"},"header":{"campusID":"ucsd","campusName":"UC San Diego","ancestorID":"ucsd","ancestorName":"UC San Diego","campuses":[{"id":"","name":"eScholarship at..."},{"id":"ucb","name":"UC Berkeley"},{"id":"ucd","name":"UC Davis"},{"id":"uci","name":"UC Irvine"},{"id":"ucla","name":"UCLA"},{"id":"ucm","name":"UC Merced"},{"id":"ucr","name":"UC Riverside"},{"id":"ucsd","name":"UC San Diego"},{"id":"ucsf","name":"UCSF"},{"id":"ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"id":"ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"logo":{"url":"/assets/9205fa4b1e49f9317f4831df16b17e8446589c5ce7ab71cb88c9c678bde63968","width":null,"height":null,"is_banner":true},"bgColor":null,"elColor":null,"directSubmit":"enabled","directSubmitURL":"https://help.escholarship.org/support/solutions/articles/9000081191-who-can-i-contact-for-help-with-theses-dissertations-","nav_bar":[{"id":5,"name":"About eScholarship","slug":"about","type":"page","url":"/uc/ucsd/about"},{"id":4,"name":"UC Open Access Policies","slug":"ucoapolicies","type":"page","url":"/uc/ucsd/ucoapolicies"},{"id":2,"url":"/ucsd/journals","name":"Journals","type":"link"},{"id":6,"url":"/uc/ucsd_etd","name":"Dissertations","type":"link"},{"id":3,"url":"/ucsd/units","name":"Academic Units","type":"link"}],"social":{"facebook":null,"twitter":null,"rss":"/rss/unit/ucsd_etd"},"breadcrumb":[{"name":"eScholarship","id":"root","url":"/"},{"name":"UC San Diego","id":"ucsd","url":"/uc/ucsd"},{"name":"UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations","id":"ucsd_etd","url":"/uc/ucsd_etd"}]},"commenting_ok":null};</script>
  <script src="/js/vendors~app-bundle-5272fbfe7dc0dbb86ea7.js"></script>
  <script src="/js/app-bundle-419361e0b69f5b178398.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
